To define the prefrontal cortex as the projection zone of the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus builds on the work of Rose and Woolsey who showed that this nucleus projects to anterior and ventral parts of the brain in nonprimates. The main problem with this definition is that it works well only in primates but not in nonprimates, as the latter lack a granular layer IV. In terms of Brodmann areas, the prefrontal cortex traditionally includes areas 8, 9, 10, 11, 44, 45, 46, and 47 (to complicate matters, not all of these areas are strictly granular-44 is dysgranular, caudal 11 and orbital 47 are agranular ). In 1935, however, Jacobsen used the term prefrontal to distinguish granular prefrontal areas from agranular motor and premotor areas. Smith, 1907 Brodmann, 1909 von Economo and Koskinas, 1925).
Many of the early cytoarchitectonic researchers restricted the use of the term prefrontal to a much smaller region of cortex including the gyrus rectus and the gyrus rostralis ( Campbell, 1905 G. It is not entirely clear who first used this criterion. The prefrontal cortex has been defined based on cytoarchitectonics by the presence of a cortical granular layer IV.
as the projection zone of the of the thalamus.There are three possible ways to define the prefrontal cortex: Many authors have indicated an integral link between a person's personality and the functions of the prefrontal cortex. Executive function relates to abilities to differentiate among conflicting thoughts, determine good and bad, better and best, same and different, future consequences of current activities, working toward a defined goal, prediction of outcomes, expectation based on actions, and social "control" (the ability to suppress urges that, if not suppressed, could lead to socially unacceptable outcomes). The most typical psychological term for functions carried out by the prefrontal cortex area is executive function. The basic activity of this brain region is considered to be orchestration of thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals. This brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behavior, personality expression, decision making, and moderating social behavior. The prefrontal cortex ( PFC) is the anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas.
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